A heuristic procedure is developed to assign buses to transit centers (garages) in such a way that all the buses on a particular route are assigned to a single transit center. This research builds on an optimal mixed integer programming location/allocation model that splits the bus assignments when capacity limitations were reached at a transit center. The heuristic procedure adopts a two-step ...

Over recent decades, "Transit-oriented development" has been developed as a new approach based on sustainability concepts. This approach is mainly concerning coordinated action between land use planning and transportation planning which tries to create a clean, people friendly, livable, and dynamic community with growing local economy. Today, old urban centers face enormous challenges in terms ...

A review of the general and transportation plans of 123 cities across the nation shows that the term “center” is used in connection with various geographic levels--region, city, subregion, town, community, and village. Generally, no matter the geographic level, the center is described as the densest part of an area, characterized by compact, mixed-use development, multiple transit options and e...

This paper discusses spatial autocorrelation in mode choice models, including what kind of bias it introduces and how to remedy the problem. The research shows that a spatially autocorrelated mode choice model, not uncommon because of, in terms of transit characteristics homogeneous neighborhoods, systematically overestimates transit trips from suburban transit-unfriendly areas and underestimat...

Recent transport sector liberalisation, as well as global economic crisis, is favouring the implementation of transport infrastructure projects through PublicePrivate Partnerships (PPP). However, there is a debate as to whether PPP schemes are a better option than conventional procurement. To this end, an evaluation framework is proposed, to assess which of these two alternative schemes for tra...

An abnormality in transit is commonly considered to account for unexplained gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. This review describes the most commonly used methods for the measurement of GI transit including small bowel transit test for dyspeptic symptoms and diarrhea, colonic transit test for constipation. Colonic transit times can help uncover causative diagnoses by stratifying motility disorder...

This study was performed to investigate the role of glutamate neurotransmitter system on gastrointestinal motility in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of rats. The right middle cerebral artery was occluded by surgical operation, and intestinal transit and geometric center as a parameter of gastrointestinal motility and expression of c-Fos protein in the insular cortex and cingula...

Background/Aims After exclusion of structural diseases, chronic constipation may be associated with normal or slow transit or rectal evacuation disorders. We evaluated: (1) clinical features and anorectal function, (2) difference of regional colonic transit according to the presence or absence of evacuation disorders, and (3) association of colonic transit with gender in patients with objective...

continued on page 3 Mirror-based systems have evolved over the years because of the need to provide a better view to the driver and now include more than one mirror with different magnifications. However, current mirror-based systems have several limitations. First, they do not cover the whole side area of the vehicle, thus leaving what are referred to as “blind zones.” This brings the bus driv...

BACKGROUND Acyl ghrelin-induced intake depends on hypothalamic neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurotransmitters. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of AgRP increases feeding through competitive antagonism at melanocortin receptors. ICV administration of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), a natural antagonist of AgRP, may modulate the acyl ghrelin-induced orexigenic...